目的：调查研究病理性近视患者的中医体征特点。方法：选择病理性近视患者125例作为病理性近视组，同时招募正视及低度近视大学生志愿者145例作为对照组。采用独立样本t检验分析两组中医体质、证候类型差异，并分析病理性近视组证型与体质的相关性，以及近视黄斑病变等级与不同证型、体质的相关性。结果：(1)两组中医体质及证型分布比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。病理性近视组中医证型以脾虚气弱证（58.40%）、肝肾亏虚证（28.80%）最为多见，对照组均为阴阳平衡状态；病理性近视组偏颇体质以阳虚质（26.40%）、气虚质（12.80%）为主，这两种体质患者占该组的比例均高于对照组相应体质人群占比（P<0.05）。(2)病理性近视组18～40岁患者证型以脾虚气弱证（73.33%）居多，偏颇体质以气虚质居多（24.44%）;41～85岁患者证型以脾虚气弱证（50.00%）、肝肾亏虚证（40.00%）居多，偏颇体质以阳虚质（36.25%）居多。男性病理性近视患者偏颇体质以阳虚质（18.18%）、气虚质（12.73%）多见；女性病理性近视患者偏颇体质以阳虚质（32.86%）居多。(3)病理性近视组患者近视黄斑病变分级状况为：C2级84眼，C3级9眼，C4级32眼，其中以C2级（67.20%）最多见。对照组近视黄斑病变分级均为C0级。病理性近视组脾虚气弱证患者近视黄斑病变以C2级（76.71%）居多，肝肾亏虚证患者近视黄斑病变以C4级（50.00%）居多。(4)平和质、阳虚质、气虚质病理性近视患者近视黄斑病变均以C2级最为多见。结论：病理性近视患者与正视及低度近视人群的中医体质、证型分布存在差异，病理性近视患者偏颇体质以阳虚质、气虚质居多，中医证型以脾虚气弱证、肝肾亏虚证多见；不同性别、年的病理性近视患者证型、体质存在差异；证型与近视黄斑病变分级具有一定相关性。

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) signs of patients with pathological myopia. Methods :A total of 125 patients with pathological myopia were enrolled into the study as the pathological myopia group. At the same time,145 undergraduate volunteers with emmetropia or low myopia were enrolled as the control group. The independent t test was used to analyze the differences in TCM constitution and syndrome types between the pathological myopia group and the control group. In the pathological myopia group,the correlation between syndrome types and constitution,and that among the grade of myopic macular degeneration(MMD),syndrome types and constitution were analyzed. Results:(1)The differences in distribution of TCM syndrome types and constitution between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). In the pathological myopia group,the most common TCM syndrome types were spleen deficiency and qi weakness syndrome(58.40%),and liver and kidney deficiency syndrome(28.80%),while patients in the control group were in a balance state of yin and yang. The biased constitution of the pathological myopia group was dominated by yang deficiency constitution(26.40%) and qi deficiency constitution(12.80%),and the proportion of these two kinds of constitution in the pathological myopia group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(2)In the patients aged 18 to 40 years,for the syndrome types,those with spleen deficiency and qi weakness syndrome(73.33%) were in a majority,and for the biased constitution,those with qi deficiency constitution(24.44%) took the largest proportion.In the patients aged 41 to 85 years,for the syndrome types,those with spleen deficiency and qi weakness syndrome(50.00%) and those with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome(40.00%) were in a majority,and for the biased constitution,those with yang deficiency constitution(36.25%) took the largest proportion. The biased constitution of male patients was dominated by yang deficiency constitution(18.18%) and qi deficiency constitution(12.73%),while that of the female patients was dominated by yang deficiency constitution(32.86%).(3)The distribution of MMD grade in the pathological myopic group were as follows :84 eyes at C2,9 eyes at C3,and 32 eyes at C4,among which the most common MMD grade was C2(67.20%). In the control group,the MMD grade of all eyes was at C0. In the pathological myopia group,the majority of MMD grade in patients with syndrome of spleen deficiency and qi weakness was C2(76.71%),and the majority of MMD grade in patients with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome was C4(50.00%).(4)In patients with gentleness constitution,in patients with yang deficiency constitution,and in patients with qi deficiency constitution,C2 was the most common MMD grade. Conclusions:There are significant differences in the distribution of TCM constitution and syndrome types between patients with pathologic myopia and people with emmetropia or low myopia. In patients with pathologic myopia,for the constitution,those with yang deficiency constitution and those with qi deficiency constitution were in a majority,and for the syndrome types,those with spleen deficiency and qi weakness syndrome and those with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome took the largest proportion. The TCM syndrome types and constitution of patients with pathologic myopia vary with gender and age. There is certain relationship between TCM syndrome types and MMD grade.