参考文献

[1] CHANG J T. Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases[J]. N Engl J Med,2020,383(27):2652-2664.

[2] WU G D,CHEN J,HOFFMANN C,et al. Linking longterm dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes[J].Science,2011,334(6052):105-108.

[3] ANTONI L,NUDING S,WEHKAMP J,et al. Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(5):1165-1179.

[4] RAMOS G P,PAPADAKIS K A. Mechanisms of disease:inflammatory bowel diseases[J]. Mayo Clin Proc,2019,94(1):155-165.

[5] LI D F,YANG M F,XU J,et al. Extracellular vesicles:the next generation theranostic nanomedicine for inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Int J Nanomedicine,2022,17:3893-3911.

[6] LOTFY A,ABOQUELLA N M,WANG H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell(MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther,2023,14(1):66.

[7] WU D,ZHAO X,XIE J,et al. Physical modulation of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes:a new perspective for regenerative medicine[J]. Cell Cell Prolif,2024,57(8):e13630.

[8]周春根，江滨，张睿，等.间充质干细胞来源外泌体对T细胞的免疫调控作用[J].中国免疫学杂志，2021,37(21):2602-2607.

[9] TIAN C M,YANG M F,XU H M,et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes:novel therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel diseases[J]. Stem Cells Int,2023,2023:4245704.

[10]钟俐芹，盛丹，刘旺华，等.从微观到“近”微观辨证：源流、争议及展望[J].中国中医药信息杂志，2024,31(3):8-12.

[11]李小健，陶志虎，石宝成，等.“阳化气、阴成形”与糖尿病合并脂肪肝的病机探讨[J].时珍国医国药，2024,35(3):691-692.

[12]王栋，张艳，李清波，等.从“阳化气，阴成形”探讨扶阳法在肿瘤临床中的应用[J].山东中医杂志，2024,43(1):24-28.

[13]金秋百，赵月纯，罗逸祺，等.基于《脾胃论》再谈东垣“阴火”学说[J].中国中医基础医学杂志，2024,30(1):18-20.

[14]陈梓越，李奕诗，蓝海.李东垣“阴火”理论探析[J].中华中医药杂志，2017,32(6):2389-2391.

[15]王子璇，姬佳琦，蒋士卿.基于“火与元气不两立”论化疗后不良反应[J].中医杂志，2024,65(4):419-423,427.

[16]张倩，袁正，张苏闽.溃疡性结肠炎中医体质分布规律研究[J].辽宁中医杂志，2014,41(9):1900-1902.

[17] TAVAKOLI P,VOLLMER-CONNA U,HADZI-PAVLOVIC D,et al. A review of inflammatory bowel disease:a model of microbial,immune and neuropsychological integration[J]. Public Health Rev,2021,42:1603990.

[18]田晓君，王金曦，韦冰晨，等.基于“阳化气，阴成形”理论探析自身免疫性甲状腺炎中医病机与治疗思路[J].中华中医药学刊，2023,41(3):63-66.

[19] CADER M Z,KASER A. Recent advances in inflammatory bowel disease:mucosal immune cells in intestinal inflammation[J]. Gut,2013,62(11):1653-1664.

[20] YAN Y P,LI K X,JIANG J,et al. Perinatal tissuederived exosomes ameliorate colitis in mice by regulating the Foxp3+Treg cells and gut microbiota[J].Stem Cell Res Ther,2023,14(1):43.

[21] TIAN T,WANG Z L,ZHANG J H. Pathomechanisms of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease and potential antioxidant therapies[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev,2017,2017:4535194.

[22] EL-KENAWI A,RUFFELL B. Inflammation,ROS,and mutagenesis[J]. Cancer Cell,2017,32(6):727-729.

[23] AMBROSIO S,DI PALO G,NAPOLITANO G,et al.Cell cycle-dependent resolution of DNA double-strand breaks[J]. Oncotarget,2016,7(4):4949-4960.

[24] REHAL S ,STEPHENS M ,ROIZES S ,et al. Acute small intestinal inflammation results in persistent lymphatic alterations[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2018,314(3):G408-G417.

[25] ZHANG Z N ,ZUO L G ,SONG X ,et al. Arjunolic acid protects the intestinal epithelial barrier,ameliorating Crohn’s disease-like colitis by restoring gut microbiota composition and inactivating TLR4 signalling[J].Phytomedicine,2024,123:155223.

[26] WILSON A J,GIBSON P R. Epithelial migration in the colon:filling in the gaps[J]. Clin Sci(Lond),1997,93(2):97-108.

[27]邝柏宇，祝雨辰，梁金萍，等.基于“肾藏精”理论探讨外泌体与阿尔茨海默病的防治[J].中国中药杂志，2024,49(1):55-61.

[28]解冬，张露，张金生.中药调控间充质干细胞外泌体治疗缺血性心脑血管疾病研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志，2024,30(13):250-258.

[29]李梓宁，李海霞.基于“一气周流”理论探讨甘温除热法[J].中国中医基础医学杂志，2022,28(11):1794-1795,1820.

[30] QIAN W W,HUANG L Y,XU Y H,et al. Hypoxic ASCs-derived exosomes attenuate colitis by regulating macrophage polarization via miR-216a-5p/HMGB1 axis[J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis,2023,29(4):602-619.

[31] CAI X,ZHANG Z Y,YUAN J T,et al. hucMSCderived exosomes attenuate colitis by regulating macrophage pyroptosis via the miR-378a-5p/NLRP3 axis[J].Stem Cell Res Ther,2021,12(1):416.

[32] XU Y T,TANG X H,FANG A N,et al. HucMSC-Ex carrying miR-203a-3p.2 ameliorates colitis through the suppression of caspase11/4-induced macrophage pyroptosis[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2022,110:108925.

[33] TANG D Q,LIU M Q,GAO S H,et al. Thermally engineered MSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis in mice by restoring the imbalanced Th17/Treg cell ratio[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2023,125(Pt A):111077.

[34] HE H X,CHEN Q Y,GAO S H,et al. Extracellular vesicles produced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing programmed death-ligand 1 ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance through PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2022,37(12):2243-2254.

[35] YANG F Y,CHEN R,ZHANG X H,et al. Preconditioning enhances the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on colitis through PGE2-mediated Tcell modulation[J]. Cell Transplant,2018,27(9):1352-1367.

[36] ZHOU C,WU X R,LIU H S,et al. Immunomodulatory effect of urine-derived stem cells on inflammatory bowel diseases via downregulating Th1/Th17 immune responses in a PGE2-dependent manner[J]. J Crohns Colitis,2020,14(5):654-668.

[37] QIU Y,GUO J,MAO R,et al. TLR3 preconditioning enhances the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in TNBS-induced colitis via the TLR3-Jagged-1-Notch-1 pathway[J]. Mucosal Immunol,2017,10(3):727-742.

[38] CHEN Q Y,DUAN X Y,XU M,et al. BMSC-EVs regulate Th17 cell differentiation in UC via H3K27me3[J]. Mol Immunol,2020,118:191-200.

[39] YANG S P,LIANG X N,SONG J,et al. A novel therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease by exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to repair intestinal barrier via TSG-6[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther,2021,12(1):315.

[40] YANG R L,HUANG H M,CUI S J,et al. IFN-γ promoted exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells to attenuate colitis via miR-125a and miR-125b[J]. Cell Death Dis,2020,11(7):603.

[41] ZHU F,WEI C Z,WU H,et al. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate ulcerative colitis injury by limiting intestinal epithelial cells reactive oxygen species accumulation and DNA damage through HIF-1α[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2022,113(Pt A):109426.

[42] DUAN L Y,HUANG H Y,ZHAO X T,et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress[J]. Int J Mol Med,2020,46(4):1551-1561.

[43] ZHANG L,YUAN J T,KOFI WIREDU OCANSEY D,et al. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate lymphangiogenesis via the miR-302d-3p/VEGFR3/AKT axis to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2022,110:109066.

[44] WEI Z P,HANG S H,WIREDU OCANSEY D K,et al.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosome shuttling mir-129-5p attenuates inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ferroptosis[J]. J Nanobiotechnol,2023,21(1):188.

[45] WANG D D,XUE H,TAN J F,et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes containing miR-539-5p inhibit pyroptosis through NLRP3/caspase-1 signalling to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease[J].Inflamm Res,2022,71(7/8):833-846.

[46] CHANG Y,ZHANG Y C,JIANG Y N,et al. From hair to colon:hair follicle-derived MSCs alleviate pyroptosis in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by releasing exosomes in a paracrine manner[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev,2022,2022(1):9097530.

[47] YANG J ,LIU X X ,FAN H ,et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental colitis via attenuating colon inflammation,oxidative stress and apoptosis[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(10):e0140551.

[48] LI P ,ZHANG H Y ,GAO J Z ,et al. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-378a-3p inhibit the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease by targeting GATA2[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2022,26(11):3133-3146.

[49] CHU S,YU T,WANG W Z,et al. Exosomes derived from EphB2-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate immune balance and repair barrier function[J]. Biotechnol Lett,2023,45(5/6):601-617.

[50] GU L,REN F,FANG X R,et al. Exosomal MicroRNA-181a derived from mesenchymal stem cells improves gut microbiota composition,barrier function,and inflammatory status in an experimental colitis model[J].Front Med(Lausanne),2021,8:660614.

[51] LIANG X N,LI C Y,SONG J,et al. HucMSC-exo promote mucosal healing in experimental colitis by accelerating intestinal stem cells and epithelium regeneration via Wnt signaling pathway[J]. Int J Nanomedicine,2023,18:2799-2818.

[52] LI B,LEE C,O’CONNELL J S,et al. Activation of Wnt signaling by amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuates intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis[J]. Cell Death Dis,2020,11(9):750.

[53] YU H L,YANG X D,XIAO X,et al. Human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect mice from DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by promoting intestinal-stem-cell and epithelial regeneration[J]. Aging Dis,2021,12(6):1423-1437.

[54]金伟孝，李华锋，张竞之，等.从“精不化气”病机论治消渴病[J].中医杂志，2011,52(7):624-625.

[55]张睿，倪敏，周春根，等.从中医“精气转化”探讨黄芪对间充质干细胞增殖及分化的影响[J].中华中医药学刊，2020,38(10):146-149.

[56]周春根，江滨，倪敏，等.人参皂苷Rg1对间充质干细胞作用的研究进展[J].中华中医药学刊，2021,39(4):130-132,293.

[57]高广淼，杨玲玲，杨秀娟，等.甘草有效成分及复方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志，2023,29(23):264-274.

[58] CHEN X Q,XU T T,LV X Y,et al. Ginsenoside Rh2alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the STAT3/miR-214 signaling pathway[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2021,274:113997.

[59] YE H,WU Q,ZHU Y Z,et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via augmenting TGFβ signaling[J]. Mol Biol Rep,2014,41(8):5485-5490.

[60] QI Z W,YAN Z P,WANG Y Y,et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improves exosomes to alleviate hypoxia-induced myocardial injury[J]. Front Immunol,2022,13:883946.

[61] DONG N,LI X R,XUE C Y,et al. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS-induced inflammation via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway[J]. J Cell Physiol,2020,235(7/8):5525-5540.

[62] XU J T,ZHANG Q,LI Z X,et al. Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation[J]. J Med Food,2021,24(1):1-9.

[63] WU J C,LI C Y,BAI L S,et al. Structural differences of polysaccharides from Astragalus before and after honey processing and their effects on colitis mice[J]. Int J Biol Macromol,2021,182:815-824.

[64] WANG J Q,ZHANG D D,ZHU Y,et al. Astragalus and human mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing by mediating immunomodulatory effects through paracrine signaling[J]. Regen Med,2022,17(4):219-232.

[65] LEE J H,L?TVALL J,CHO B S. The anti-inflammatory effects of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2023,24(23):16877.

[66]何贵新，韦娟，秦伟彬，等.芪参益气滴丸调控外泌体miR-155介导PI3K/mTOR信号通路对改善心肌微环境研究进展[J].辽宁中医药大学学报，2022,24(2):1-5.

[67] XIONG Y Y,TANG R J,XU J Y,et al. Tongxinluopretreated mesenchymal stem cells facilitate cardiac repair via exosomal transfer of miR-146a-5p targeting IRAK1/NF-κB p65 pathway[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther,2022,13(1):289.

[68] WU H ,FAN H ,SHOU Z X ,et al. Extracellular vesicles containing miR-146a attenuate experimental colitis by targeting TRAF6 and IRAK1[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2019,68:204-212.